Jurisdictions
Europe
DE / eWpG (Electronic Securities Act)
DE·EWPG
Germany's eWpG gives electronic securities, including crypto-securities recorded on a DLT register, the same legal standing as paper certificates. Operating a crypto-securities register and providing crypto custody are…
EU Data Protection & PETs
EU·DATA-PROTECTION
GDPR (personal-data processing) and DORA (ICT resilience and incident reporting) apply to crypto entities alongside MiCA. The live tension for builders is personal data on immutable ledgers: erasure rights and the…
EU / MiCA
EU·MICA
The EU offers a single, passportable regime under MiCA: prescriptive but predictable. Stablecoins (asset-referenced and e-money tokens) came into scope mid-2024; CASP authorisation and conduct rules apply from end-2024…
Americas
APAC
China (CN)
CN·CRYPTO-BAN
China holds one of the world's strictest stances: cryptocurrency trading, mining, and payment services have been banned since 2021, and related business activity is treated as illegal. In parallel the state promotes…
Hong Kong SAR (HK)
HK·CRYPTO-LICENSING
Under "One Country, Two Systems," Hong Kong runs a separate, progressive regime, distinct from the mainland ban. Since 2023 it has offered a licensing path (the SFC's VASP regime) covering exchanges, custody, and…